2021年9月5日星期日

Notes F6 STPM ICT Sem 1: Multimedia Design (Chapter 3)(停更)

接下来的topic进入multimedia相关的知识,也会学到很多seni相关的东西。拿的course有包括seni或者SPM拿过seni的读这个chapter会比较快理解。

要学的topic:
1. Principles of Design Organisation (完)
2. Elements of 2D Design (完)
3. Elements of 3D Design (完)
4. Elements of Multimedia (待更新)
5. Features of User Interface Design (待更新)

PDF版本自行到以下网址export自取:https://adorable-consonant-b52.notion.site/Multimedia-Design-242d8737bbf54d99a3cb80ca14329707

有问题可联系:mithizwen@gmail.com

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Principles of Design Organisation

Harmony

  • The related qualities of visual elements in a composition.
  • Can be achieved through the repetition of individual Art Elements.


//看整体design和不和谐。一个design可以说是harmony只要没有一个东西过于突出,过于不一样。只要一眼看过去,没有一个东西一下子捉到你的眼球,就可以说是harmony。

Variety

  • The use of opposing, contrasting, changing, elaborating, or diversifying elements in a composition to add individualism and interest.
  • To avoid monotony, boredom, and dullness.
  • Use in two ways:
    • First,find variety in opposition or contrast to create unity.
    • Second, they elaborate upon forces which are equal in quantity and strength.

//variety顾名思义就是不一样,差别性。一个design的形状,颜色,纹路不同就算有variety

Balance

  • The feeling of equilibrium in weight, attention, or attraction through the various uses of the visual elements within an artwork as a means of accomplishing unity.
  • Types of balance:
    • Visual Balance: Pleasing to the eye, a feeling of good arrangement。
    • Formal Balance: Equal or similar elements on opposing sides of a central axis.
      • Symmetrical Balance: is a mirrored image.
      • Radial Balance: is symmetrical with elements starting from a central point.
    • Informal Balance: The feeling of balance using unlike objects.
      • -Asymmetrical Balance: When creating a composition, the careful arrangement of visual weight.

//关于balance,知道symmetrical和asymmetrical就好。

Proportion

  • The size relationship or ratio of one picture part to another or one object to another.
  • Ratio implies comparison and is expressed in size, number, position, and shape.

Dominance/Emphasis

  • To make one part of an artwork dominate over the other parts. Some features are emphasized and others are subordinated. A Focal Point or Center of Interest is established
  • By artists using emphasis to draw the viewers eye to that part of the artwork in these ways:
    • Contrast: Placing opposing elements near each other. (i.e. bright color surrounded by dark color)
    • Isolation: Placing one object apart or alone in a design draws the eye to it.
    • Location: Placement near the center (left or right, above or below) is a natural emphasis.
    • Convergence: Subtle arrangement of elements pointing to one item.
    • The Unusual: An out of the ordinary object or unexpected one can become the focal point.

//当你觉得这个design有一个东西非常突出,一眼就看到,可以说这个东西就是这个design要注重的地方,这个design有用到dominance。

Movement

  • The visual effect where the eye is helped to move around the artwork.
  • Because a picture surface is static, any animation must come from the illusion an artist creates through the placement and configuration of the picture parts.

Economy

  • The simplification of the objects and elements in a work.
  • Helps to strengthen the conceptual and organization aspects of an artwork.
  • Somewhat a degree of Abstraction.

#图片来源:https://design.tutsplus.com/articles/the-principles-of-design--cms-33962


#常见的考题方式:给一张图片(poster,网站封面,PPT封面),问里面用到的principles,或者,问这个design合理吗,哪个design更好。
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Elements of 2D Design

Line

  • A visual element of length.
  • Can be created by setting a point in motion.
  • Lines can vary greatly in character. 

Shape

  • A visually perceived area created by an enclosing line or by color and value changes defining the outer edges.
  • A self contained defined area of geometric or organic form. 

Texture

  • To replicate three-dimensional surfaces through various drawing and media techniques. 

Value/Tone

  • Lightness or darkness of an area.
  • Value range extends from white through infinite steps or gradations of grays, all the way to black. 

Colour

  • A property of light.
  • Objects have no color of their own but merely reflect certain rays of white light, which contain all the colors.
  • Designers often utilize color to evoke a feeling, give an impression, and/or create meaning.

#图源:https://design.tutsplus.com/articles/the-basic-elements-of-design--cms-33922
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有一些element和2D的一样,可以用回同样的意思。

Elements of 3D Design

Line

  • The edge or outline of a form. the meeting of planes.
  • Has length, but no width or depth.
  • It will link, join, surround or intersect other visual elements.
  • It describes the edges of a plane.
  • It articulate the surfaces of a plane.
  • A Line creates a extended point with length, direction and position

Plane

  • A flt or level surface.
  • A line in motion or a series of lines.
  • A line extended in a direction other than its intrinsic direction becomes a plane.

http://www.dsource.in/sites/default/files/course/elements-3-dimensional-design/elements-and-properties/images/elements-and-their-properties-2.jpg

Volume and Mass (Space)

  • Volume
    • A three-dimensional form that has length, width, and depth.
    • A plane extended in a direction other than its intrinsic direction becomes a volume.
  • Mass
    • A solid body or a grouping of visual elements (line, color, texture, etc.)
    • A three-dimensional form that occupies a volume of space.

Texture

  • Can experience by touch or by visual experience.
  • The surface quality od a form: rough, smooth, etc.
    //注意3D的texture和2D的不一样。

Colour

  • In 3D design, the actual color of the material being used.

#接下来要学的elements of multimedia有非常多的硬知识,做好心理准备哦~
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//之前有简单接触过multimedia elements的意思,可以看回之前的笔记。

Elements in Multimedia (Text, Image, Animation, Audio, Video)

Text in Multimedia

What can text be used in multimedia:

  • Titles and headlines ( what it is all about)
  • Menus (where to go)
  • Navigation (how to get there)
  • Content ( what you see when you get there)

Considerations when working with text:

  • Be Concise
  • Use the appropriate typefaces and fonts
  • Make it readable
  • Consider type styles and colors
  • Use restraint and be consistent

Faces

  • Typeface: Family of graphic characters that usually include many type sizes and styles.
  • The primary design.
  • Exp: Serif, Sans serif
    //有好几种typeface,主要认识serif和sans serif。



  • Serif
    • The little decoration at the end of a letter stroke.
    • Often used for the body of the text for better readability.
    • Exp fonts: Times, Times New Roman, Bookman
      //字体有尖尖的,突出来的 




  • Sans serif
    • Generally used for headings, signage, and other situations that need clear meaning but without the need of continuous reading.
    • Exp fonts: Arial, Optima, Verdana 

Fonts

  • A particular implementation and variation of typeface.
  • The implementation of design for a set of characters.
  • Combination of typeface and design characteristics such as size, pitch, and spacing.
  • Exp: bold, italic.
  • Font Family
    • A group of fonts that have similarities in design.
    • Generally grouped into categories based on design specifications.

https://kontra.agency/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/vizual1-1024x584.jpg

Computer Font

Two ways to represent fonts:

  • Bitmap Fonts

    • Character is represented by an arrangement of dots.
    • A font with jagged edges when enlarged, instead of a scalable font where no matter what the size, it looks the same.
    • To print a bit-mapped character, a printer simply locates the character's bit-mapped representation stored in memory and prints the corresponding dots.
    • Each different font, even when the typeface is the same, requires a different set of bitmaps.
    • Exp formats: Portable Compiled Format (PCF)

    • Advantages:
      • Easy to place on the screen (Unscaled bitmap give exactly the same output when displayed on the same specification display).
      • Extremely fast and simple to render.
      • Best for very low-quality or small-size display where the font needs to be fine-tuned to display clearly.

    • Disadvantages:
      • Degradation in quality when zooming in.
      • File size increases as more sizes are added.
      • Requires large memory.

  • Vector/Scalable Fonts

    • The shape or outline of each character is defined geometrically.
    • Can increase in size without causing any degradation in the quality.
    • Can be scaled to any size.
    • Unlike bitmapped fonts, scalable fonts may be manipulated to generate characters of variable sizes without the use of a new file or set of characters.
    • These fonts are stored as a series of mathematical expressions that define the curves and lines of the characters.
    • Exp: PostScript and TrueType.

    • Advantages:
      • Scalability.
      • Look better at higher resolution.
      • No quality degradation when zooming in.
      • Smaller file size than bitmaps.

    • Disadvantages:
      • Some look bad on low-resolution devices.
      • Requires a powerful microprocessor to generate every character. to make it acceptably fast.

    https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/scalable.gif

  • Screen Fonts
    • Fonts that used for screen displays.
    • Many computer systems use bitmap fonts as screen fonts because vector fonts do not look very good on low-resolution devices (display monitors).
    • Resembles the font of a document, so what you see on the screen will look very similar to the end result (printed document).
//要分清楚这两种font的好坏处,可能出题问:给一个情况,选哪种font最好。给出用这个font的好处和坏处之类的。

Hypertext

  • Contains connections within the text to other documents.
    //超文本:从一个text里附上的link(hyperlink),点击后跳转去别的文件。

    #hypertext和hypermedia之前都有提过,可看回之前的笔记

Hypermedia

  • Provides a structure of linked elements through which a user can navigate and interact.
  • Contains links to other forms of media: text, sounds, images, movies.
  • Simply combines hypertext and multimedia.
    //和hypertext一样功能,包含可跳转的hyperlink,但可以跳转更多不同媒体。

#更详细关于text的可看:https://www.slideshare.net/vanithachandru/textelements-of-multimedia
#值得阅读:https://slidetodoc.com/lecture-2-the-uses-of-text-in-multimedia/

以上就是text的知识,还剩下4个多媒体的element,而且每个都这么长又仔细又多东西要知道。这个subtopic也是我最恨的,因为太多东西要记了T^T

虽然考题不会出到太复杂,毕竟有分数限制。但也因为范围太广,导致出题有好几种方式,想要稳就只能尽量读得仔细点。而且multimedia还不一定会出~
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